ABSTRACT
@#In inflammatory arthritis, there is inflammation of one or more joints brought about by immunologic events resulting from complex interactions of environmental trigger(s) in a genetically predisposed individual. The definitive cause of which remains unclear despite substantial research. The purpose of this article is to present a case with the diagnostic challenges associated with the rare coexistence and interplay of probable multiple causative mechanisms/triggers along with hyperuricemia and hepatitis B in the same patient presenting with inflammatory arthritis. It brings to greater attention the potential role of a key diet as an adjunct in the early management of undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis and thus, highlighting the choice of a whole food, plant-based diet (WFPBD) as a single, healthy, cost-effective and well-rounded diet which may be able to target all these different probable causative mechanisms leading to early symptom control and maybe, early disease remission. WFPB diet has been used in the management of differentiated arthritis from psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and other types of inflammatory arthropathy but to date, there is a paucity of available evidence on managing a patient with undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis probably resulting from more than one simultaneous environmental triggers with a single key diet.
Subject(s)
Hyperuricemia , Hepatitis B , ArthritisABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: Hamadryas feronia feronia, se mimetiza sobre las cortezas de los árboles y suele emitir sonidos al volar que llaman la atención; posee un buen potencial para los bionegocios (exportación, elaboración de artesanías y centros turísticos de crianza). Sin embargo, aún se desconocen sus aspectos biológicos que obstaculizan su crianza en cautiverio. Objetivos: Determinar los aspectos biológicos de alimentación, comportamiento de oviposición, ciclo de vida y los enemigos naturales de Hamadryas feronia feronia L. en San Rafael-Indiana, Loreto, Perú. Métodos: Los muestreos fueron realizados desde enero 2018 a diciembre 2019 en la comunidad de San Rafael, río Amazonas. Los adultos fueron observados durante el día, se registraron sus plantas alimenticias, su comportamiento de oviposición, su ciclo biológico y sus enemigos naturales. El ciclo de vida fue evaluado en el laboratorio, utilizando 20 huevos recientemente depositados en las hojas de su planta hospedera. Resultados: Las larvas de H. feronia feronia se alimentan de las hojas de Dalechampia juruana y los adultos se alimentan de la savia de la corteza de los árboles de Cedrela odorata, Spondias mombin, Uncaria guianensis y de los frutos fermentados de Syzygium malaccense y Pouteria caimito. Los adultos vuelan en días soleados, los machos emiten un fuerte sonido al volar. Las hembras previo a la oviposición revolotean de forma irregular alrededor de su planta hospedera entre las 8.00 y las 14.00 h y depositan sus huevos en el haz y envés de las hojas de forma aislada con mayor frecuencia en el envés (N= 85). La duración del ciclo, desde huevo hasta adulto fue de 28.24 días. El periodo promedio del huevo fue 3.75 ± 0.40 días. La larva pasa por cinco estadíos larvales: el primero duró 3.21 ± 1.03 días, el segundo 2.78 ± 0.73 días, el tercero 2.67 ± 0.77 días, el cuarto 3.22 ± 0.81 días, y el quinto 4.61 ± 0.70 días. El periodo de la prepupa duró 1.33 ± 0.49 días y el de pupa 6.67 ± 0.80 días; los adultos nacieron entre las 10:00 y 11:00 h. Los machos adultos viven en promedio 31.80 ± 3.29 días, la hembra 42.00 ± 2.14 días y sus huevos son parasitados por un microhimenóptero (Scelionidae). Conclusiones: Este estudio permitió conocer los aspectos biológicos de H. feronia feronia identificando sus plantas alimenticias tanto de las larvas como de los adultos, su comportamiento de oviposición, así mismo se ha determinado que tiene un ciclo biológico relativamente corto con un periodo menor de un mes y sus huevos son consumidos por un pequeño Himenóptero que puede obstaculizar su producción. Este trabajo brinda información necesaria para desarrollar la crianza de H. feronia feronia, orientado a su conservación, la educación ambiental y los bionegocios (turismo y artesanía) en la Amazonia peruana.
Abstract Introduction: Hamadryas feronia feronia, which mimics the bark of trees and often makes attention-grabbing sounds when flying, has good potential for bio-business (export, handicrafts and tourist breeding centers). However, its biological aspects are still unknown, which hinder its captive breeding. Objectives: To determine the biological aspects of feeding, oviposition behavior, life cycle and natural enemies of Hamadryas feronia feronia L. in San Rafael-Indiana, Loreto, Peru. Methods: Sampling was conducted from January 2018 to December 2019 in the community of San Rafael, Amazon River. Adults were observed during the day, their food plants, oviposition behavior, biological cycle and natural enemies were recorded. The life cycle was evaluated in the laboratory, using 20 eggs recently deposited on the leaves of their host plant. Results: The larvae of H. feronia feronia feed on the leaves of Dalechampia juruana and the adults feed on the bark sap of Cedrela odorata, Spondias mombin, Uncaria guianensis and the fermented fruits of Syzygium malaccense and Pouteria caimito. Adults fly on sunny days, males emit a loud sound when flying. Females prior to oviposition flit irregularly around their host plant between 8.00 and 14.00 h and deposit their eggs on the upper and underside of leaves in isolation, most frequently on the underside. The duration of the cycle from egg to adult was 28.24 days. The average egg period was 3.75 ± 0.40 days. The larvae passed through five larval instars: the first instar 3.21 ± 1.03 days, the second 2.78 ± 0.73 days, the third 2.67 ± 0.77 days, the fourth 3.22 ± 0.81 days, and the fifth 4.61 ± 0.70 days. The prepupal period lasted 1.33 ± 0.49 days and the pupal period 6.67 ± 0.80 days; the adults hatched between 10:00 to 11:00 h. Adult males lived on average 31.80 ± 3.29 days, the female 42.00 ± 2.14 days and their eggs were parasitized by a microhymenopteran (Scelionidae). Conclusions: This study allowed to know the biological aspects of H. feronia feronia identifying its food plants of both larvae and adults, its oviposition behavior, as well as it has been determined that it has a relatively short biological cycle with a period of less than one month and its eggs are consumed by a small Hymenoptera that can hinder its production. This work provides necessary information to develop the breeding of H. feronia feronia, oriented to its conservation, environmental education and biotrade (tourism and handicrafts) in the Peruvian Amazon.
Subject(s)
Animals , Oviposition , Lepidoptera , ParasitesABSTRACT
The Amerindian yam (Dioscorea trifida) is a food plant native to the Amazon region. Several local varieties are cultivated by traditional family farmers for consumption and local trade. However, socioeconomic processes may be causing species genetic erosion. Knowledge about species sexual reproduction is essential for its conservation and genetic improvement. The objective of this study was to observe the floral phenology, to assess the germination and dormancy of seeds, to conduct controlled pollinations and to select hybrid plants of D. trifida with agronomic potential. Seed dormancy was confirmed and was broken by after-ripening at 28 oC and 80% RH. We carried out controlled pollinations between local landraces and cultivated the resulting hybrid plants in the field. The new genotypes showed high phenotypic variability and tubers with new characteristics, which permitted the selection of genotypes with agronomic potential for further studies. The results contribute to the conservation of agrobiodiversity and genetic improvement for added value of Amazonian native food plants. (AU)
Subject(s)
Plants, Edible , Germination , Amazonian Ecosystem , Dioscorea , Pollination , Plant BreedingABSTRACT
RESUMO: Renealmia L.f. é um gênero de Zingiberaceae com inúmeros usos, entre eles: ornamental, medicinal e alimentício. Visando ressaltar a importância deste gênero como potencial fonte de recursos agroeconômicos apresenta-se esta revisão sobre aspectos botânicos, ecológicos, farmacológicos, e agronômicos. De um universo de 87 espécies formalmente inseridas em Renealmia, registrou-se indicação de uso popular para 18 destas. Em sua maior parte as indicações de uso estiveram associadas a R. alpinia, R. exaltata e R. guianensis englobando, principalmente, os usos ornamental, alimentício e medicinal. Dentre as 14 espécies com indicação de uso popular medicinal, registram-se pesquisas farmacológicas para apenas quatro: R. alpinia, R. exaltata, R. nicolaioides e R. thyrsoidea. Entretanto, estas pesquisas evidenciam um amplo espectro de bioatividade, com ênfase na ação anticancerígena e antiofídica, especialmente de R. alpinia. Apenas seis espécies foram avaliadas quanto a composição química (R. floribunda, R. guianensis, R. alpinia, R. chrysotricha, R. exaltata e R. nicolaioides), identificando-se perfil químico que corrobora a potencialidade anticancerígena e antiofídica para os representantes deste gênero. Evidenciou-se grande lacuna no que se refere ao conhecimento científico ou técnico para o cultivo de espécies de Renealmia. Isto pode se configurar num impedimento importante na utilização destas espécies como recurso econômico.
ABSTRACT: The Renealmia L.f. is a genus that belongs to the Zingiberaceae with several applications, including the ornamental, medicinal and food ones. Aiming to emphasize the importance of this genus as a potential agro-economic resource, a review of its botanical, pharmacological and agronomic aspects is presented. From 87 species formally inserted in the Renealmia, 20 were registered with popular uses. In general, these popular uses were associated with R. alpinia, R. exaltata and R. guianensis, mainly including the ornamental, nourishing and medicinal uses. Among 14 species with indication of popular medicinal use, pharmacological studies were registered for only four: R. alpinia, R. exaltata, R. nicolaioides and R. Thyrsoidea. However, these studies show a large bioactivity range, with emphasis in the anti-carcinogenic and antiophidic action, especially for R. alpinia. Only six species were analyzed in terms of chemical composition (R. floribunda, R. guianensis, R. alpinia, R. chrysotricha, R. exaltata and R. nicolaioides). Their chemical profiles corroborate the anti-carcinogenic potential for the representatives of this genus. There is a great scientific or technical gap on the cultivation of Renealmia species. This can be an important limiting factor in the use of these species as economical resource.
Subject(s)
Pharmacology/classification , Botany/classification , Zingiberaceae/metabolism , Ecology/classification , Plants, Medicinal , Heliconiaceae/metabolismABSTRACT
The study mainly focused on the plants used as food as well as medicine by Kani tribals in Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in Southern Western Ghats, India. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out among the Kani tribals through questionnaires and consultations with age-old and knowledgeable tribals during June 2007 to September 2009. A total of 59 species of plants were recorded in this study with their vernacular names, parts used as food either raw or cooked and medicinal uses. Among all the edible plants, unripe fruits of Artocarpus heterophyllus and tubers of Manihot esculenta are favorite edibles and these are the main food for the Kani tribal community. Due to indiscriminate exploitation, destruction of forests and changing scenario of rural life, the oral folklore of plants is on the way of extinction. The present investigation underlines the potential of ethnobotanical research and the need for documentation of traditional knowledge pertaining to the utilization of plants for greater benefit of mankind.